Glossary
WAL checkpoint
The SQLite operation that copies committed pages from the -wal file back into the main database file, after which the WAL can be reset.
A checkpoint writes the latest committed version of each page from the WAL into the database file. SQLite runs one automatically as the WAL grows and when the last connection closes, which is why opening an evidence copy in a SQLite tool can change it and discard older WAL frames (sqlite.org). See recovering deleted notifications.